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Hoffnung hilft den Bewohnern in Pflegeheimen länger aktiv zu bleiben und Herausforderungen optimistisch und flexibel zu begegnen. Deshalb sollte dem Konzept der Hoffnungsförderung insbesondere in der Altenpflege mehr Bedeutung zukommen.

 

Unter der Leitung von Prof. Dr. Margit Haas wird in der Abteilung Pflegewissenschaft der Universität Trier zum Thema Hoffnung geforscht.

Menschen, die hoffen, aktivieren innere Kräfte durch die Erwartung an eine Verbesserung ihrer gegenwärtigen Situation in der Zukunft. Somit hilft Hoffnung mit Problemen, Auswirkungen von Krankheiten oder sonstigen Einschränkungen besser umzugehen.

 

Dies gewinnt gerade aufgrund der durch Corona bedingten, massiven Kontaktbeschränkungen in Seniorenheimen an Bedeutung. Doch wird oft unterschätzt, wie schnell die Hoffnung für die Bewohner auch im normalen Alltag untergehen kann. So denken Pflegende oftmals nicht daran, wie wichtig es auch für Hochbetagte ist, noch von realitätsnahen Zielen zu träumen. Oftmals halten sie stattdessen ältere Menschen schlicht für müde oder kraftlos. Jeder von uns hat schon erlebt, wie uns Hoffnungslosigkeit bremst und die Energie raubt. Das ist im Alter nicht anders.

 

Laut Jenny Kubitza, Pflegewissenschaftlerin an der Uni Trier, sieht das Konzept der Hoffnungsförderung in der Altenpflege vor, zunächst einmal die individuellen Hoffnungsquellen jedes einzelnen Bewohners zu erfragen und anschließend in der Maßnahmenplanung zu berücksichtigen.

 

Die Hoffnung werde schon gestärkt, wenn Pflegeheimbewohner abends von der Pflegekraft nach einer positiven Erfahrung des zurückliegenden Tages gefragt werden. So konzentrieren sie sich kurz vor dem Einschlafen auf glückliche Momente. Dies können ganz kleine Dinge sein, wie eine Lieblingsspeise, das Betrachten schöner Blumen im Garten oder natürlich Besuch von der Familie.

Wichtig sind auch immer Erzählungen aus der Vergangenheit sowie insgesamt das Wissen um die Biografie des Bewohners.

 

Kontakte und persönliche Beziehungen stellen eine der stärksten Hoffnungsquellen da. Dabei zeigte sich, wie wichtig die Vorhersehbarkeit von Besuchen oder Telefonaten ist. Wenn der genaue Zeitpunkt des Kontakts bekannt ist, stellt er ein konkretes Ziel dar, auf das sich die Senioren fokussieren und freuen können. Pflegekräfte können Angehörigen dies leicht vermitteln und sie somit in das Konzept der Hoffnungsstärkung aktiv einbinden.

 

Um die Umsetzung von Hoffnung im Pflegealltag zu unterstützen, entwickelt die Abteilung Pflegewissenschaft der Universität Trier eine entsprechende Schulung. Dabei wir vor allem darauf geachtet, dass das Konzept Hoffnungsförderung unter ökonomischen sowie hausinternen Rahmenbedingungen in der Langzeitpflege praktisch umsetzbar ist, ohne den Bürokratieaufwand zu vermehren.

 

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